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The 451 Institute is an independent European think tank working to protect essential institutions from political manipulation and to preserve fundamental freedoms in a context of growing polarization.
We develop concrete tools to ensure that fundamental rights are not sacrificed in the name of majority power.

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The ECB says euro banknotes in circulation are rising even as everyday payments move further onto phones and cards. The…
Political majorities inevitably change. The durable answer is not a political firewall, but substantive rule-of-law safeguards that constrain every coalition….
Two major scholarly societies confront institutional neutrality, collective indictment, and the duty to preserve a home for reasoned disagreement….
European governments are looking for alternatives to Palantir in sensitive public systems, from policing and intelligence to defence and health….
A Belgian court has upheld broad protection for political value judgments based on a sufficient factual foundation. The judgment is…
Foreign political funding is not inherently illegitimate. The line is crossed when money buys control over elections or institutions that…
The Guardian Europe reports that Marine Le Pen’s appeal judgment upheld her conviction while leaving a path for her to…
France’s end-of-life bill has reopened a difficult question: whether access to assisted dying must require every care institution to host…
An Economist investigation of 25 frontier AI models using World Values Survey questions finds them more secular and liberal than…
Peter Levine’s distinction between universities and newsrooms as laboratories or debating societies shows how both metaphors can illuminate institutional life…
French municipalities won by Rassemblement National have begun reshaping local cultural programming — raising questions about when legitimate budget prioritisation…
A German court upheld the revocation of a naturalised citizen’s passport over Instagram posts — raising fundamental questions about whether…
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